Documents Cerveau - Stimulation magnétique 4 résultats

Plasticité neuronale ; Stimulation électrique ; Cerveau - Stimulation magnétique

It is now well known that the functional organization of the cerebral cortex is plastic, and that changes in organization occur throughout life in response to normal and abnormal experience. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and painless technique that has opened up completely new and fascinating avenues for studying neural plasticity. First, TMS can be used to detect changes in excitability or connectivity of the stimulated cortex that may have occured through processes such as learning or recovery from a lesion. Second, repeated TMS by itself can induce changes in excitability and connectivity of the stimulated cortex that may be used therapeutically in neurological and psychiatric disease. Third, TMS can induce short-lasting virtual lesions that may directly test the functional relevance of brain plasticity.
Current knowledge of all these exciting possibilities is brought together in this book, written by the world's leading experts in the field. The book is an essential compendium on plasticity of the human brain in health and disease, for clinical neurophysiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists.

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Clozapine - Emploi en thérapeutique ; Cerveau - Stimulation magnétique ; Hallucinations auditives - Traitement

L'histoire de la clozapine nous introduit à l'innovation des agents anti-psychotiques de 2ième génération. Apparue dans les années 70, la clozapine fut d'abord perçue comme un agent thérapeutique dangereux. Elle fut réhabilitée en 1989, suite aux travaux de John Kane, il y a 25 ans, auprès de patients atteints de schizophrénie résistante. Malgré son efficacité reconnue supérieure aux autres molécules de sa classe, la clozapine garde son lot de mystères et aux yeux de plusieurs, demeure sous-utilisée, privant ainsi de mieux-être une proportion de nos grands malades souffrant de problématiques diverses 9trouble psychotique réfractaire au traitement, suicidalité, impulsivité, agressivité, toxicomanie)

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Dépression - Traitement ; Cerveau - Stimulation magnétique

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Cerveau - Stimulation magnétique ; Électrochoc ; Maladies mentales - Traitement

The past two decades have seen rapid progress in new and less invasive ways to stimulate the brain to study and treat psychiatric disorders. This authoritative reference provides an introduction to this emerging field of brain stimulation in psychiatry. Eight recognized experts present the latest research and results--and future challenges--for new techniques to electrically stimulate the central nervous system, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). This is the first book to both review these new techniques and place them in the context of existing somatic therapies in psychiatry.

Unlike electroconvulsive therapy (ECT, the standard choice for patients with treatment-resistant depression), these breakthrough methods enable us to affect selectively higher cognitive processes and mood systems by electrically stimulating--directly or indirectly--focal regions of the cortex and subcortical structures in the brain. - The effectiveness of TMS and MST (MST is a higher-dosage, convulsive form of magnetic stimulation) is being studied worldwide. Results are encouraging: TMS has been reported to reduce the frequency of auditory hallucinations when administered to brain regions that show abnormal hyperactivity during hallucinations, and both TMS and MST induce far less electricity and stimulate more focal cortical regions than ECT, thus incurring fewer cognitive side effects.- Although DBS--in which an electrode is implanted in a location relevant to the illness in question--is more invasive than other modalities, it is able to reach deeper structures in a highly focal way, which may be important for illnesses like obsessive-compulsive disorder, whose circuitry relies heavily on subcortical structures.- VNS is less invasive than DBS but more invasive than TMS or MST. Efficacy of VNS is uncertain. Improvement appears to build over time, and the hope is that months or years after implantation patients may show dramatic improvements. Claims of enhanced efficacy with time have never been tested directly, and controlled, randomized trials are needed to determine whether VNS has a role in the treatment of major depression. Its effects are limited to the neuroanatomical connectivity of the vagus nerve.

Enriching our knowledge base in this exciting new field means more choices and therapeutic strategies for patients with conditions that resist conventional treatments. This fascinating work is a key reference for the promising future of brain stimulation in psychiatric treatment and is a "must read" for clinicians and residents alike.

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