Documents Neurobiologie 8 résultats

Neurobiologie ; Psychiatrie

Dans cet entretien, François Gonon nous démontre avec passion et enthousiasme comment, en étudiant pendant de nombreuses années le neurotransmetteur dopamine, il a compris que celui-ci n'est en aucune manière responsable du TDAH, preuves scientifiques à l'appui. Il nous explique les limites des neurosciences sur l'explication des origines des troubles mentaux et ceci à l'inverse de croyances incomplètes trop souvent véhiculées par les médias. Il nous montre également comment la génétique ne peut expliquer qu'un pourcentage infime des troubles mentaux et souligne les limites actuelles de la pharmacologie. Ses conclusions mettent en avant la place prépondérante de l'environnement dans la genèse des troubles psychiques en lien avec la plasticité cérébrale découverte par les neurosciences.

... Lire [+]

Maladies mentales - Étiologie ; Maladies mentales - Physiopathologie ; Maladies mentales - Traitement ; Neurobiologie

This resource provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. In doing so it translates information from the basic laboratory to the clinical laboratory and finally to clinical treatment. The result is an excellent and cutting-edge resource for psychiatric residents, psychiatric researchers and doctoral students in neurochemistry and the neurosciences.

... Lire [+]

Toxicomanie ; Neurobiologie ; Impulsivité ; Comportement compulsif ; Toxicomanie - Traitement

... Lire [+]

Dépression - Traitement ; Neurobiologie

... Lire [+]

Dépression - Traitement ; Neurobiologie

... Lire [+]

Dissociation (Psychologie) ; Troubles dissociatifs ; État de stress post-traumatique ; Neurobiologie ; Neuropsychologie

Traumatic Dissociation: Neurobiology and Treatment offers an advanced introduction to this symptom, process, and pattern of personality organization seen in several trauma-related disorders, including acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. The authors track the condition from its earliest historical conceptualization to its most recent neurobiological understanding to show that greater insight into traumatic dissociation can be obtained from clinical progress in treatment models and strategies. Useful as a clinical reference or as ancillary textbook, this work reorganizes phenomenological observations that have been previously been overlooked, misunderstood, or neglected in traditional training.

Bringing together for the first time theoretical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on traumatic dissociation, this volume is designed to provide both empirical and therapeutic insights into traumatic dissociation. Opening chapters examine historical, conceptual, and theoretical issues and how other fields, such as cognitive psychology, have been applied to the study of traumatic dissociation. The following section focuses specifically on how neurobiological investigations have deepened our understanding of dissociation. Concluding chapters explore issues pertinent to the assessment and treatment of traumatic dissociation. Key issues covered include the interacting effects of traumatic experience, developmental history, neurobiological function, and specific vulnerabilities to dissociative processes that underlie the occurrence of traumatic dissociation.

... Lire [+]

Psychiatrie ; Psychanalyse ; Neurobiologie ; Biologie moléculaire

Brought together for the first time in a single volume, these eight important and fascinating essays by Nobel Prize-winning psychiatrist Eric Kandel provide a breakthrough perspective on how biology has influenced modern psychiatric thought. Complete with commentaries by experts in the field, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and the New Biology of Mind reflects the author's evolving view of how biology has revolutionized psychiatry and psychology and how potentially could alter modern psychoanalytic thought.

The author's unique perspective on both psychoanalysis and biological research has led to breakthroughs in our thinking about neurobiology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis -- all driven by the central idea that a fuller understanding of the biological processes of learning and memory can illuminate our understanding of behavior and its disorders. These wonderful essays cover - the mechanisms of psychotherapy and medications, showing that both work at the same level of neural circuits and synapses, and the implications of neurobiological research for psychotherapy;- the ability to detect functional changes in the brain after psychotherapy, which enables us, for the first time, to objectively evaluate the effects of psychotherapy on individual patients;- the need for animal models of mental disorders; for example, learned fear, to show how molecules and cellular mechanisms for learning and memory can be combined in various ways to produce a range of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors;- the unification of behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and molecular biology into the new science of the mind, charted in two seminal reports on neurobiology and molecular biology given in 1983 and 2000;- the critical role of synapses and synaptic strength in both short- and long-term learning;- the biological and social implications of the mapping of the human genome for medicine in general and for psychiatry and mental health in particular;

The author concludes by calling for a revolution in psychiatry, one that can use the power of biology and cognitive psychology to treat the many mentally ill persons who do not benefit from drug therapy.

Fascinating reading for psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, social workers, residents in psychiatry, and trainees in psychoanalysis, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and the New Biology of Mind records with elegant precision the monumental changes taking place in psychiatric thinking. It is an invaluable reference work and a treasured resource for thinking about the future.

... Lire [+]

Violence - Aspect physiologique ; Violence - Aspect psychologique ; Neurobiologie

In Neurobiology of Violence (the second edition of a book first published in 1995), Jan Volavka provides a comprehensive and stimulating synthesis of knowledge about the neurobiologic basis of human aggression and about the manifestations of various types of violence. Intelligently and convincingly, he presents a vast body of knowledge related to the observations that violent human behavior has analogies in animal behavior and that these analogies have important implications for planning research and prevention.
The book covers many aspects of violence, from the level of molecules -- neurotransmitters and their receptors -- to the ways in which disturbances in the central nervous system can cause aggressive and violent behavior. With meticulous scholarship, Volavka reveals how genetic factors (nature) interact with environmental factors (nurture). The extensive research cited shows, consistently and clearly, that genes and the environment continuously interact. Violence among patients with major mental disorders such as schizophrenia, severe mood disorders, and other psychoses is explained well. Volavka discusses in detail how the risk of violent behavior can be assessed and includes a simplified explanation of a complex statistical method, clarifying it for clinicians and researchers alike. His approach in a chapter on the psychopharmacologic treatment of violent behavior is balanced; he elucidates both the strengths and weaknesses of this method of treating violent patients.
I see this book as an excellent and scope-extending complement to the World Health Organization's World Report on Violence and Health (2002), which provides an account of the magnitude of violence, its social effects, and various types of preventive methods based on social, political, and ethical considerations. Both Volavka's book and the World Report on Violence and Health send clear signals about the need to incorporate genetic factors, prenatal and perinatal events, and environmental influences into research on violent behavior and into the development of practical methods to prevent it. In his discussion of protective factors, Volavka underlines the need for further research on the role of coping abilities and their connections with intelligence as well as on the roles of norms and moral precepts prevailing in various cultures and subcultures. Despite the scarcity of research in this field, I agree with Volavka's point that morality has a powerful regulatory effect on violent behavior. The present-day training of psychiatrists and behavioral scientists in the Western world results in a moral relativism that has become routine in both clinical practice and research. This attitude inhibits open discussion of the regulatory role of various kinds of norms and their influence on mental health and violent behavior. The roles of aggression and violence in self-destructive behavior are not covered in this book, yet violence and self-destructive behavior constitute a huge and a growing problem in the world -- one that has been severely underestimated, partly owing to prevailing taboos and moral judgments. Volavka's book is not only a must for researchers and clinicians in the field; it can also be recommended for educated lay readers. In highly accessible language, it combines modern biologic theories with theories about external, environmental factors. Danuta Wasserman, M.D., Ph.D.

... Lire [+]