Documents Schizophrénie - Diagnostic 7 résultats

Schizophrénie ; Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Traitement

Hallucinations et idées délirantes, discours incohérent, incapacité à entreprendre des actions : l'étrangeté du vécu des personnes schizophrènes, leur difficulté à communiquer ce qu'elles ressentent et à organiser leur existence, rendent la schizophrénie difficile à comprendre.

Les connaissances scientifiques se sont développées ces dernières années et permettent aujourd'hui de considérablement améliorer la prise en charge de cette maladie à la fois fréquente et méconnue.

Quels sont les différents symptômes de la schizophrénie ? Que sait-on de ses causes ? Comment soigner et prendre en charge les malades ? Quand l'hospitalisation est-elle nécessaire ? Quels sont les médicaments et les méthodes thérapeutiques efficaces ? Une réinsertion sociale est-elle possible ? Que peuvent faire les proches ?

Ce livre donne, dans un langage clair et accessible à tous publics, les clés permettant de mieux comprendre et mieux aider les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie.

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Schizophrénie ; Comorbidité ; Schizophrénie - Diagnostic

Schizophrenia is one of the most difficult diagnoses to make. And, once made, it was once among the most limited, offering few options in the management of care for schizophrenia patients with comorbid conditions. It was not until 1994, with the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), that diagnostic guidelines first permitted additional diagnoses on Axis I, such as anxiety disorder, in the presence of schizophrenia. Yet remnants of the old hierarchical diagnostic system remain, diverting attention from the pressing issue of managing what appear to be common--and treatable--disabling conditions, such as panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), that often occur with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia and Comorbid Conditions: Diagnosis and Treatment lays diagnostic oversimplification of schizophrenia to rest once and for all. All schizophrenia patients are not the same. The editors of this groundbreaking work criticize the reductionist view of schizophrenia as a single unitary disorder--a view that has led many psychiatrists and mental health care professionals to overlook potentially important syndromes.

Asserting that these patients should be managed on the basis of their individual clinical presentations, not just their categorical diagnosis, recognized experts in their specialties offer a fascinating array of topics. Chapter 1 goes straight to the heart of this assertion, beginning with epidemiology and showing how hierarchical diagnostic concepts keep associated psychiatric syndromes (APS) hidden from clinical and scientific attention. Also presented are the findings of the few treatment studies of APS in schizophrenia.

Additional chapters feature the following topics: - Chapter 2 takes an indepth look at the extensive literature on depression in patients with schizophrenia, including a discussion on differential diagnosis and treatment approaches.- Chapters 3 and 4 detail obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic symptoms, using case vignettes to illustrate the clinical management of schizophrenia with these two conditions.- Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the recognition and management of medical and surgical illness and the management of pregnancy in patients with schizophrenia, respectively.- Chapter 7 reviews cognitive impairment in older patients with schizophrenia, including etiology, assessment, and treatment approaches.- Chapter 8 presents old and new approaches to the treatment of aggressive behaviors and violence in patients with schizophrenia.- Chapter 9 extensively reviews substance abuse in schizophrenia, with suggested practical approaches to assessing and treating the "dual-diagnosis" schizophrenia patient.

Intended to help practitioners enhance their recognition of and improve treatment for the large--and often neglected and clinically challenging--group of schizophrenia patients with comorbid conditions, this unique collection combines a wealth of clinical and research experience of enduring value to practitioners and researchers alike.

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Schizophrénie ; Neuropsychiatrie ; Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Étiologie ; Cerveau - Physiopathologie ; Cerveau - Chimie

Over the last two decades, molecular genetics and brain imaging have guided efforts to find the causes of schizophrenia. It is becoming increasingly clear that many genes are involved in schizophrenia and that they interact with other factors in very complex ways, which have not yet been elucidated. Neuroimaging techniques have allowed scientists and physicians to examine brain structure, function, and chemistry in living patients with schizophrenia but results so far have been disappointing. No two patients seem to share exactly the same combination of clinical symptoms or physical findings. Yet all have the syndrome recognized as schizophrenia. The author of this accessible, well-written book argues that it is time to set aside the search for a single cause of schizophrenia and focus on the disease's final common pathway. He highlights clues from a wide range of research, including neurotransmitter, psychophysiological, and brain imaging studies. He then describes possibilities for the final common pathway at an understandable level in the context of what is already known about schizophrenia. While there are no preferred models of schizophrenia, a pattern is emerging which implicates those structures in the brain known to be important in integrating perception, cognition, and affect. A better understanding of these processes will be critical for developing more effective treatments. This book will help advance that effort. It will be of great value to psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists, neuroimagers, and basic scientists working in the field of schizophrenia research, and to their students and trainees. It will also be of interest to clinicians and scientists concerned with other neuropsychiatric disorders, and to the families of those diagnosed with schizophrenia.

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Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Traitement

In sharp contrast to the prevailing belief during the past century that schizophrenia inevitably results in a progressive deteriorating clinical course, research since the early 1980s shows that early intervention can significantly improve the long-term outcome of this complex illness. With very early treatment, many affected individuals can achieve an excellent recovery.

This research has set off an explosion of interest in--and optimism about--early intervention in what was once thought to be an intractable illness. The work of 19 top experts in the field of schizophrenia research is available in this single, powerful volume that introduces the concept of early intervention and describes the clinical approaches most likely to facilitate the fullest degree of recovery. Contributors review the clinical and epidemiological evidence that supports the importance of comprehensive and optimal treatment during the early stages of schizophrenia--treatment that must encompass emotional, family, and vocational as well as pharmacological needs of affected individuals.

This rich overview is organized into three major parts: - Early Intervention, Epidemiology, and Natural History of Schizophrenia, which presents an overview of important concepts in early intervention and reviews our current understanding of the outcome from a first episode of schizophrenia, including which features predict the onset of first-episode psychosis- Management of the Early Stages of Schizophrenia, which reviews the critical management issues in providing specialized and optimal care to this complex patient group and their families, including meeting the patient's emotional needs- Neurobiological Investigations of the Early Stages of Schizophrenia, which describes important specialized topics that contribute to our understanding of the first episode of schizophrenia, including schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence and cognitive dysfunction in the early stages of schizophrenia

This ground-breaking volume provides reason for new optimism about the treatment and outcome of schizophrenia. With its dramatically different perspective on the potential long-term outcome of a still-baffling illness, this volume is a must-read for mental health practitioners and educators, psychiatry residents, and family members of affected individuals.

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Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Chimiothérapie

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Cerveau - Imagerie ; Schizophrénie - Imagerie ; Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Physiopathologie ; Imagerie pour le diagnostic ; Imagerie par résonance magnétique

Neuroimaging techniques have made a huge contribution to our understanding of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Until now however, texts on both schizophrenia and neuroimaging have paid little attention to the overlap between these areas. This new volume is the first dedicated to unraveling how these techniques can help us better understand this complex disorder. Each chapter focuses on a particular research method, describing the nature of the findings, the main technological problems, and future possibilities. Though including sufficient methodological detail to be of value to imaging researchers, the emphasis throughout is on providing information of value to clinicians. Written and edited by leaders in schizophrenia research, this book details what structural and functional brain imaging studies have already established about schizophrenia and what developments are likely in the foreseeable future. It will be of great value to psychiatrists, neuropsychiatrists, and cognitive neuroscientists.

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Schizophrénie - Diagnostic ; Schizophrénie - Chimiothérapie ; Troubles de la cognition

For the first time in a single volume, distinguished experts address the complex issues -- issues rarely confronted in empirical studies of patients with schizophrenia -- and controversial research surrounding the assessment of negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

Despite recent advances in our understanding of schizophrenia, still notably absent is consensus in assessing negative symptom treatment response. What is the most effective assessment method -- given the varying methodologies and contradictory results to date? What constitutes an adequate response? Which medication -- none is specifically indicated and licensed for negative symptom treatment -- yields the best results? What are the indications for use of this medication? Which instrument best measures negative symptom treatment response (eight rating scales are analyzed here)? Reaching consensus among clinicians and researchers alike is even more difficult because assessment is often thwarted by extrapyramidal side effects of medications, similarities to depressive symptoms, and secondary effects of psychotic experiences.

In addition to clarifying these pressing issues, Negative Symptom and Cognitive Deficit Treatment Response in Schizophrenia also discusses the importance of measuring the experience of emotion versus the more traditional objectively measured symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, and how deficits in emotional experience may resist treatment -- even in treatment-responsive patients.

• The family as an often overlooked source of information about negative symptom improvement or worsening, and the impact of negative symptoms on patients' relatives.
• How treatment affects social functioning and subjective experience of "quality of life," and the importance of neurocognitive dysfunction in the social deficits of schizophrenia, which often persist despite significant amelioration of other symptoms.
• Specific guidelines for assessing neurocognitive treatment response. Cognitive enhancement is a major factor in improving the quality of patients' lives.
• The latest research on the neurobiology of negative symptoms, including the role of various neurotransmitter systems and brain regions in mediating negative symptom pathology. Also discussed is single vs. multiple pathophysiological processes and single treatment modality vs. distinct treatments for different aspects of negative symptoms.
• How to distinguish "pure" negative symptoms from deficit symptoms (i.e., those that persist for at least 1 year and are not secondary to factors such as depression, medication side effects, anxiety, delusions, and hallucinations), and which treatment is indicated for each.

Highlighted by patient vignettes, this in-depth guide will be welcomed by all clinicians who treat patients with schizophrenia and want to know and document whether their interventions ameliorate negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, and by all researchers who study schizophrenia, particularly those interested in clinical issues and treatment studies.

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